Essay Understanding the Nature of Autism - 1337 Words

Autism is a neurobiological disorder that causes discrepancies or differences in the way information is processed (Essential Guide to Finally Understanding Autism). The process of obtaining information affects an individual with autisms ability to do many things. For example, someone with this particular disorder may have more trouble understanding and using language to interact and communicate with people. He or she may also experience difficulty understanding and relating to people, events, and objects in the environment. Autism also affects ones ability to respond to sensory stimuli. Like other developmental disabilities, autism effects can range in the differentiations of severity. A number of factors that make the†¦show more content†¦Many children who have autism also engage in repetitive movements such as rocking or hair twirling, or in self-injurious behavior such as biting or head banging. They also tend to speak later than other children and may refer to themselves by name instead of using ‘I’ or ‘Me’ Autism affects every life aspect of the individual who is diagnosed with this disorder. Tasks such as eating and sleeping that we find to be simple, one with autism can encounter difficulty. There are three basic types of eating problems among children with autism. The first problem is refusal to eat or eating limited amounts of types of food. One with autism may also have problems with chewing, swallowing, gagging, and regurgitating. Also, the individual may begin eating things that are not food and the term for this is pica (Understanding the Nature of Autism). The person caring for the individual with autism needs to do three major acts to help with the intervention of the problem. First, one may need to assess the problem. The one taking care of the autistic person then must organize and provide structure. The location of meals may need to be changes to avoid distraction or the schedule may need to be changed to smaller more frequent meals. New concepts,Show MoreRelatedIs Autism Spectrum Disorder? Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is autism spectrum disorder? Autism spectrum disorder is a diagnosis which describes a group of individuals with a common cluster of symptoms, though it is important to note that the degree of severity of these symptoms vary greatly amongst individuals (Speaks, 2011). Autism is a lifelong developmental disorder affecting our communication, our interactions, and processing abilities which co-occur with motor coordination, attention, and physical health conditions which include but are not limitedRead MoreEssay On The Movie Rain Man1315 Words   |  6 Pagesfunctioning autism. How great certain skills are that make him appear as if he has supermen abilities, while also showing the need for adult supervision for other events that unfold in the movie. While sourcing several references what autism is, its characteristics and how to treat it at an early age to get the best functional outcome as an adult. Along with some of dangers that’s face people with autism from the world around them and my own personal reflections on interacting with people with autism. Read MoreThe Link Between Autism And Autism1580 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction There have been several controversies regarding the cause of autism over the years. For example, the main cause was assumed by some to be bad parenting. Today, however, there is general agreement that the symptoms of autism, with the exception of those of abandoned children, are a behavioral response by young children to an organic disease affecting their brains. In fact, it is now generally understood that autism is a complex developmental syndrome representing a heterogeneous group ofRead MoreEssay about Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Theories of Vygotsky1423 Words   |  6 Pagespast decade has acknowledged the impacts of characteristics and life-functioning for individuals on the autism spectrum. Models of support or interventions strategies have been researched but little, or limited practical or resourced models appeared as accessible for families of older youth. The intention of this research paper was to investigate a specific activity group for youth on the autism spectrum. The group runs concurrently with a parent group and is funded through a respite funding provisionRead MoreDeafness And Autism Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesDeafness and Autism, two distinctively different disorders and disabilities; however common in nature. With Deafness and Autism come challenges and obstacles that have to be faced and ought for to ensure an overall quality of life for the individual. When these two attributes are combined within one individual communication and social interaction can be altered. Understanding the difference between the two disabilities and learning how to equip the individual with the proper tools for communicationRead MoreCommon Chromosomal Abnormalities Associated With Autism1434 Words   |  6 PagesFive other gene disorder that contributes to autism are (1) EN2 (Engrailed 2) involved in cerebellum development. (2) GABR (Gamma Amino Butyric Acid Receptor) regulates brain cell migration. (3) OXTR (Oxytocin Receptor) participating in the response to stress and social skills. (4) RELN (Reelin) involved in neuronal migration in the developing brain. (5) SLC6A4, a serotonin transporter gene† (Johnson, Giarelli, Lewis, Rice, 2013). As a result of all the researches done several chromosomal lociRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1369 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Introduction I don t think people understand how unique children with Autism are or the demands of caring for a child with Autism is. In order to grasp the effect of this disability has on a child or their family it is important to understand the characteristics of a child living with Autism. So for you to understand I will be talking about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Autism in a childs life. I will be talking about what autism is, the history and descriptionRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder : Causes, Characteristics, Implications, And Management Since It Has No Cure Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Autism is a disorder that affects social communication skills, speech, intellectual ability and fine and gross motor skills. It is a developmental disorder that is diagnosed during childhood, when diagnosed with this disorder it is expected to stretch throughout life since it has no cure. The disorder is officially known as autism spectrum disorder. This is so because the diagnoses has five spectrum namely; Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, pervasive developmentalRead MoreTemple Grandin Reflection Paper585 Words   |  3 PagesReflection: Temple Grandin Before watching the movie, I have never heard of it before. I never knew it existed. Temple Grandin is another inspiring movie that I have been glad to have watched. It deals with the autism of a woman and tells the inspiration true story of her. Temple Grandin, a young autistic woman, is extraordinarily gifted. She has a remarkable connection to animals and a brilliant mind. This biopic follows Temple from her late teens -- as she struggles with both her own limitationsRead MoreAutism and Rain Man1505 Words   |  7 PagesAutism and Rain Man In the movies things are portrayed in ways that are supposed to make the movie sell, which means that movies are not always accurate. The movie Rain Man was about a man and his brother, who happened to be an autistic savant. In Rain Man Dustin Hoffman played Raymond, who was a high-functioning autistic savant. In the movie Raymond had routines and rituals that he did; and when his routines were interrupted or he was afraid of something he had a temper tantrum where he would

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1681 Words

Reputation can play an important role in our everyday lives. It is how we are defined as people. There is no middle when it comes to reputation, only good or bad. People will act a certain way based on their reputations. Some will go out of their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, Abigail Williams, and Reverend Parris. When put in a tight situation dealing with life or death, all of these characters choose to keep their reputations rather than save their lives or do the right thing. The preponderance of ha ving a good name is a very prevalent theme in â€Å"The Crucible†. Arthur Miller uses characterization to portray John Proctor’s reputation throughout the play. John Proctor is the protagonist of â€Å"The Crucible†. From the beginning opening act, Arthur Miller characterizes Proctor as an honest man with good morals who tries his very best to do the right thing. He is a well-respected man around the village of Salem, which later causes his good reputation. This is the reason why it is hard for Proctor to give up his goodShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustratin g the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible by Arthur Miller1085 Words   |  5 Pagesopposes the will of the majority is a recurring feature of drama.† Identify such a conflict in a non-Shakespearean play you have studied and show how the dramatist deals with the implications for both the character and the society. Arthur Miller in ‘The Crucible,’ deals with the internal/external conflicts of protagonist John Proctor, during the witch trials of Salem; showing the effects of â€Å"an individual opposed to the will of the majority.† Through the mass hysteria caused by Abigail, corruptionRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experiences

Barn Burning Free Essays

string(171) " of a young mans life who knew what was right and wrong and does what has to be done in the end as conscious would not allow him to continue with his fathers way of life\." Antonio Webb Professor Debra Germany English 2336 14 November 2012 Barn Burning In â€Å"Barn Burning†, a short story by William Faulkner, a boy finds that he can no longer be governed by his father’s ideas and tries to prevent his father from doing further harm, and leaves his family in the process. Sarty Snopes desire is to break away from the moral deficiency of his family life and live life with some resemblance of normalcy even at the expense of never seeing his family again. A growing body of evidence, suggest that humans have a moral sense from the very start of life and family does not instill this moral compass from the very start of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Barn Burning or any similar topic only for you Order Now His father was a man of little or no education who had developed an attitude in life of catering to no one but himself even at the expense of his family. The story begins with Mr. Snopes on trial for burning a neighbor’s barn after sending a black man over for his hog and actually warning the man that hay and wood burn. Shortly afterwards the neighbor’s barn burned and the story begins in a court of the Justice of the Peace. Sarty, is remembering all this and the details of the court room which was actually a storeroom in a grocery store. The man whose barn was burned asks that the boy testify and the judge is hesitant as this was not proper protocol in that time. The man says the boy does not have to testify and the case is dismissed due to lack of witnesses. The boy says he would have had to tell the truth had he been forced to testify even though he has a very real fear of his father. The father actually hits the boy who had defended the family honor by fighting someone in the crowd calling them barn burners. The father knows the boy would have testified and he tells him that they have to stand together against the world. This is obviously a common occurrence in the young mans life and always ends up the same, they are told to move on and never come back. They all gather in their wagon and leave, the wife, her twin sister, his two sisters, and his older brother. They all are afraid of the father and dare not question him or his authority. The central theme of the story begins with the last move when the family moves onto property owned by a Major De Spain and take up residence in a tenant farm house belonging to the major. The boy and the father ride over to the Majors house which is larger than anything the boy had seen in his life he compared the house to the courthouse. As they approach the door the father steps in a large pile of horse manure. The black man at the door tells the father to wipe his feet before coming in and also announces that Major De Spain is not home. The father forces the door open and enters the home, leaving a path of mud on the rug which turns out to be an expensive rug from France. When the Major returns home and discovers the condition of the carpet he rolls it up and takes it to the Snopes residence where he instructs the father to clean it and return it as it was. The father makes the boys and the two sisters, clean the rug and then returns it to the Major. The Major tells Mr. Snopes that he will have to pay twenty bushels out of his labor to pay for the rug. Mr. Snopes takes the Major to court to have his payment overturned. Mr. Snopes thinking that washing it would be sufficient finds out that it is not. The judge shows some leniency reducing the payment to ten bushels of corn and five dollars. The father is not happy with this and decides once again to burn the Majors barn as he orders his son to get the kerosene against his wife’s wishes who says at least send a black man again like you did before. The young boy who by now has decided in his heart that this cannot go on and is restrained by his mother even though the father wants to physically tie him to his bed so he cant warn the Major. The father by now has headed towards the Majors house. The boy breaks away from his mother and heads for the Majors house on foot, arriving there he warns the household about their barn and then runs out the door not knowing where he is headed. The Major rides by him on his horse and somewhere up ahead the boy hears a shot and then two more. The constellations wheeled on. It would be dawn and them sun-up after a while and he would be hungry, But that would be to-morrow and now he was only cold, and walking would cure that. His breathing was easier asleep because he knew it was almost dawn, the night almost over. He could tell that from the whippoorwills. They were everywhere now among the dark trees below them. He got up. He was a little stiff, but walking would cure that too as it would the cold, and soon there would be the sun. He went on down the hill, toward the dark woods within which the liquid silver voices of the birds called unceasing –the rapid and urgent beating of the urgent and quiring heart of the late spring night. He did not look back. Baym,Nina) He knows that his father is torn between love and righteousness and feels sorrow for his father but knows in his heart he can longer live this way of life. While the story never mentions his age, Barn Burning is a sad story of a young mans life who knew what was right and wrong and does what has to be done in the end as conscious would not allow him to continue with his fathers way of life. You read "Barn Burning" in category "Papers" Ho wever this story illustrates how morality is not developed within the family, but something that is instilled within us all in the first early years of life. By the age of six months babies have already developed a strong moral code, according to psychologist. They may be barely able to sit up, let alone take their steps, crawl or talk, but researchers say they can still tell the difference between good and evil. An astonishing series of experiments is challenging the view that human beings are born as â€Å"blank slates† – and that our morality is shaped by our experiences. Instead, they suggest that concepts of good and bad may be hard-wired into the brain at birth. In one experiment involving puppets, six-month-old babies showed a strong preference for good helpful characters-and rejected unhelpful, â€Å"naughty† puppet, some babies went further- and dished out their own punishment with a smack on its head Professor Paul Bloom, a psychologist at Yale University in Connecticut, whose department has studied morality in babies for years, said: A growing body of evidence suggest that humans do have a rudimentary moral sense from the very start of life. You can see some glimmers of moral thought, moral judgment and moral felling even in the first year of life. Some sense of ood and evil seems to be bred in the bones. In one experiment involving puppets, six-month old babies showed a strong preference for â€Å"good† helpful characters- and rejected unhelpful, â€Å"naughty† ones. In another, when asked to take away treats from a â€Å"naughty† puppet, some babies went further—and dished out their own punishment wi th a smack on its head. (Derbyshire, David) Professor Paul Bloom, a psychologist at Yale University in Connecticut, whose department has studied morality in babies for years, said â€Å"A growing body of evidence suggests that humans do have a rudimentary moral sense from the very start of life. You can see glimmers of moral thought, moral judgment and moral feeling even in the first year of life. Some sense of good and evil seems to be bred in the bones† Which is not to say that parents are wrong to concern themselves with moral development or that interactions with their children are a waste of time? Socialization is critically important. But this is not because babies are young children lack a sense of right and wrong; it’s because the sense of sense of right and wrong that they naturally possess diverges in important ways from what we adults would want it to be, Dr Nadia Reissland, of Durham University, said babies start to learn he difference between good and bad from birth. â€Å"Everything hinges on who decides what is normal†, she said. (Derbyshire, David) Infants fall into the preconvention level of moral development according to the theories of Lawrence Kohlberg. This involves two orientations: punishment and pleasure seeking. Infants respond to their environment primarily to seek pleasure and meet their needs. They show joy by smiling, cooing and laughing when they are fed, comfortable and feeling safe. As they grow, they learn to make choices in response to punishment, such as being told no or having an object taken from them. Meeting an infant’s basic needs through consistent care and positive social interactions simultaneously nurtures their moral development and trust in their caregivers. (Smith-Vratny, Lisa) Two noteworthy individuals, Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg, studied the moral development of children. Piaget looked at how children develop moral reasoning. He found that Two noteworthy individuals, Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg, studied the moral development of children. Piaget looked at how children develop moral reasoning. He found that young children have a much more primitive understanding of right and wrong behavior than do older children. Piaget determined that younger children judge bad behavior by the amount of damage caused by a person’s behavior. He would tell children a story with a moral dilemma. He would ask them to tell him â€Å"who is naughtier† a boy who accidentally broke fifteen cups or a boy breaks one cup trying to reach a jam jar when his mother is not around. Younger children attributed the â€Å"naughty† behavior to the boy who broke the most cups regardless of the other child’s intent. A huge amount of growth and physical development occurs during the first years of a baby’s life. These early stages of development are critical in laying the foundation for the baby’s future. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the normal development milestones for a baby, and how to encourage his or her learning and behavior. (Huxley, Ron) In conclusion the Snopes family lack of morality clearly influenced Sarty this is evident in the beginning of the story when the boy is willing to lie to insure that his father is acquitted of any wrong doing but somewhere along the way he could no longer contribute to their way of life. Somewhere along the way Sarty realizes everything the family is doing is wrong and its hurting peoples lives. The research indicates that you can see glimmers of moral thought, moral judgment and moral feeling in the first year of life, what happen to the Snopes family along the way that the son would have more moral judgment than the family. This illustrates that family can only develop morality or withdraw away from it; essentially good and evil is something that seems to be bred in the bones. Works Cited Derbyshire, David http://www. ailymail. co. uk/news/article-1275892/Were-born-moral- Babies-tell-good-evil- months. html Bloom, Paul http://www. nytimes. com/2010/05/09/magazine/09babies- t. html? pagewanted=all_r=0 Smith-Vratny Lisa   http://www. livestrong. com/article/180598-moral-social-development-in- infants/#ixzz2C9gL5co8 Smith, Peter   http://www. lifesitenews. com/news/archive//ldn/2010/may/10051009 http://www. essentialbaby. com. au/baby/baby-stages-of-development/th e-moral-life-of-babies- 20100513-v0u0. html Huxley, Ron http://www. christian-mommies. om/ageless/handle-emotions/moral-development-of-children- knowing-right-from-wrong/ Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider. Life-Span Human Development. California: Wadsworth, 2003. Caroll E. Izard. Measuring Emotions in Infants and Children. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982. Heidi Murkoff and Sharon Mazel. What to Expect the First Year. Sydney: Harper Collins, 2009. Jean Piaget. The Origins of Intelligence in Children. New York: International University Press, 1952. Gillies, Christine http://suite101. com/article/the-developmental-milestones- f-a-baby-a314799 Baym, Nina, gen. ed. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Vol. C,D, and E (a three- volume set) 8th ed. New York:Norton, 2012 http://www. childrensmoraldevelopment. com/index. html Bersoff, David M. and Joan G. Miller. â€Å"Culture, Context, and the Development of Moral Accountability Judgments. † Developmental Psychology2 9, no. 4 (July 1993): 664–77. Schulman, Michael, and Eva Mekler. Bringing Up a MoralChild: A New Approach for Teaching Your Child to BeKind, Just, and Responsible. rev. ed. New York: Main Street Books/Doubleday, 1994. How to cite Barn Burning, Papers Barn Burning Free Essays In William Faulkner’s Barn Burning, ten year old Colonel Sartoris Snopes, is forced to confront an ethical uncertainty that questions his loyalty to his family against the higher concepts of justice and morality. Satoris decision on whether to do right by family or do the right thing according to law are controlled by a life of violence, conflict, constantly overwhelmed of fear, grief and despair. He knows that peace, joy, and dignity are the alluring promises of a different kind of life one that seems far away from the one his father has headed. We will write a custom essay sample on Barn Burning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Abner Snopes, Sartoris father is a serial arsonist who has convinced himself he has rights to unleash his destructive revenge on anyone whom he believes has wronged him. Barely having charges dropped against him for belief that he burned down a landowners barn whom the family were short term tenants, Abner finds himself in a confrontation with De Spain an affluent landowner whom Abner and his family will work for. Sartoris finds himself in the middle of this all trying to decide if loyalty to his family is more important than loyalty to the law is the moral imperative. Sartoris is marked with pride after taking a punch from a boy that accused Abner of barn burning, wanting to believe that his father will turn from his criminal ways he remains loyal to his family standing up to anyone who bad mouths his father. This pride is short lived once Sartoris realizes his father is planning to burn the barn of De Spain after their confrontation about the rug being soiled and mistakenly burned. Sartoris then begins to understand family loyalty comes at to great a cost and to heavy a burden, he then goes on to warn De Spain of the burning. As a result his father is killed presumably shot to death by De Spain. This is a mark of freedom and a chance at peace and happiness even though they still wind up alone. How to cite Barn Burning, Papers

The Impact of External and Internal Factor - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the The Impact of External and Internal Factor. Answer: Introduction Managing effectively is the basic requirement and need of organizations. Many theorists in the past have formulated different ways to manage and organization that are practiced even today. However, to say that there can only be one best way to manage is a topic of debate. It is important at first to explain management and then proceed towards understanding the different techniques. The essay tries to provide various descriptions of management and explanations by renowned theorists. It also entails the different ways to manage that managers follow are should follow. Further, the essay explains the credibility of the phrase that states there is only one best way to manage. The essay provides critical arguments and evidences that provide valid explanation of the phrase and reasons for peoples thoughts and consequences of this thought. In addition, the essay includes evidences whether the phrase is true or not with valid reasons from credible sources. Describing management Management has been defined in various ways by numerous theorists but it has an inherent definition. It is defined as the process to plan, organize, lead and control people to accomplish organizational targets and objectives. According to Filser, Kraus and Mrk (2013), management refers to the set of rules that direct managers to manage any organization properly. These rules allow the managers to be clear about their roles and responsibilities. Fredrick Taylor probably proposed the earliest documented theory of management in the 19th century. His theory was termed as the Scientific Management Theory. Taylor proposed four essential principles of management that formed the duties and responsibilities of managers. these principles included: Replacing the backdated rule-of-thumb principle and developing scientific ways to assign tasks to individuals Selecting workers and training them as per the scientific ways Cooperating with workers to make sure everything is done based on the established scientific ways Equal distribution of work and duties among managers and workers where the division must be in accordance with the aptness of each task to either the worker or the manager After Taylor, Henri Fayol proposed an advanced theory of management in 1916 that laid the foundation of the modern management studies. He formulated fourteen management principles that included the division of work, authority and responsibility, discipline, centralization and decentralization amongst others. His theory is known as the Administrative Management Theory. Other theorists like Max Weber and Elton Mayo also proposed management theories that came to be known as the Bureaucratic Theory and Behavioral Theory respectively. Overall, Taylors scientific theory of management has relevance even today with the exception of some of its elements. Taylor suggested the one best way to manage and do a particular task that set the base for organizational debates that followed. Ways to manage Mentioned in the previous sections, numerous theories are there that define the different ways to manage. Vaccaro et al. (2012) have pointed out that organizations can have a competitive advantage if they are equipped with the knowledge of proper ways to manage. They have laid emphasis on the leadership aspect of management and stated that it is a key precursor to management innovation. However, todays competitive world demands managers to manage multiple sectors in an organization that ensures effectiveness and efficiency. Schiuma (2012) has defined the importance of the techniques of management with special focus on knowledge management. The author argues that the current business scenario demands advanced improvement in the capability of organizations to gather and manage knowledge. Managing knowledge is hence one of the ways to manage in organizational context. It is but imperative to state that focus primarily on knowledge management might lead to dysfunctions in other departments. Thus, it is important to know the adequate time dedicated to different ways of management. A manager responsible for handling different departments of an organization has to manage various situations. Conflicts, time, knowledge and different people are some aspects that managers have to manage in an organization. Now, it is essential for them to understand the requirements of each aspect and then discover the best way to manage. However, it becomes difficult at times to follow a linear method to manage especially in the current scenario as organizational structures have largely changed. There is only one best way to manage The above stated phrase refers to the notion that organizational management has a uniform style that can improve business performance (Spaho 2013). Many people believe in this phrase and have propagated the same for years. This notion was first brought into light by Fredrick Taylor, as mentioned in the previous section. He believed that in order to increase effectiveness and efficiency of the workers and the organization in general, it is important to reduce conflicts between them. He identified several other reasons for the inefficiency of management that resulted in ineffectiveness of workers. Absence of standard norms for workers and managers to follow contributed to these inefficiencies believed Taylor. Supporters of the Scientific Theory of Management Ehiobuche and Tu (2012) have supported the Scientific Theory stating that the theory has yielded positive results in improving the productivity of organizations. The theory has also worked well for organizations with assembly line systems, argue the authors. In addition, the theory, developed during the post-industrial revolution era managed to provide solid ground for organizations to balance their organizational functions smoothly. Managers had a set of rules to follow and make the workers follow the rules as well. The reward and punishment system also proved to motivate the workers to increase their productivity. Further, the one best way approach helped in producing larger output from workers that were higher in quality as well (Alvesson and Sandberg 2013). This approach also ensured increased wage for the workers as companies started achieving much greater profit. People thus started believing that there is only one best way to manage. The exponents of this approach also further their argument that having a single system of management allows managers to put focus on other important things without worrying about managing workers. Arguments against the one best way approach On the other hand, many criticized this statement and argued that there can never be only one way to manage. The Contingency Theory developed during the 1950s that directly countered the approaches of the Scientific Theory (Amara and Benelifa 2017). One of the major principles outlined in the Contingency Theory is that there can be no best way to manage. Joan Woodwards work marked the inception of this theory, which was based on situational approach to management. Fred Edward Fiedler further developed this theory as a counter to the old management theories. His theory has been applied not only to organizational management but also to behavioral change in education and mental health. The contingency theorists strongly proposed the situational approach and argued that no single design could be deemed as best for all circumstances or situations. Van de Ven, Ganco and Hinings (2013) opine that the Contingency Theory is apt for modern organizations as it provides uniqueness to the manager s to lead an organization. Following a single way to manage might result in poor performances as different organizations have different ways of dealing with things. To give an instance, a pharmaceutical organizations approach to manage a team would certainly be different from a beverage or food company. Using one best way to manage employees in these different organizations might give rise to unnecessary confusion and problems. This might further result in overall poor performance of the organization. According to Kemp (2013), managers who follow dynamic ways to manage their work are mostly rewarded with improved performances and incentives. The author argues that motivating employees to give their best cannot be achieved following a uniform manner. The approaches must be based on the behavioral dynamics, organizational structure and situational demand. Debate over which theory is applicable in modern organizational structure is ongoing. To assert that there is only one best way to manage in todays world would be wrong, as situations have changed (Wadongo and Abdel-Kader 2014). Evidences are there that prove the ineffectiveness of this approach. This approach neglects the humanistic side of the workplace and focuses more on the mechanistic aspect. To say that workers are only motivated by monetary rewards is not correct, as they need emotional motivation as well. Google Inc. is a premier example of the rejection of one best way approach. Conclusion To conclude it can be said that the statement is not completely true keeping in view the present perspective. Many other ways of management are there that can be applied successfully to organizations. However, the statement is true for organizations like computer and car manufacturing, restaurants and hospitals. The essay has given a deep insight into the different notions of management with views from numerous authors. In addition, the different ways to manage have also been highlighted in the essay. Further, the statement has been explained and arguments and theories in favor and against the statement have been presented. The essay tried to analyze critically the different theories of management and the proponents who contributed to these theories. Examples have been provided as well to authenticate the views and arguments made against the statement. However, further readings on the other theories that support the scientific management theory are suggested. References: Alvesson, M. and Sandberg, J., 2013. Has management studies lost its way? Ideas for more imaginative and innovative research.Journal of Management Studies,50(1), pp.128-152. Amara, T. and Benelifa, S., 2017. The Impact of External and Internal Factors on the Management Accounting Practices.International Journal of Finance and Accounting,6(2), pp.46-58. Ehiobuche, C. and Tu, H.W., 2012. Towards The Relevance of Classical Management Theories and Organizational Behavior.ASBBS Proceedings,19(1), p.310. Ferri-Reed, J., 2014. Are Millennial Employees Changing How Managers Manage?.The Journal for Quality and Participation,37(2), p.15. Filser, M., Kraus, S. and Mrk, S., 2013. Psychological aspects of succession in family business management.Management Research Review,36(3), pp.256-277. Kemp, L.J., 2013. Modern to postmodern management: developments in scientific management.Journal of Management History,19(3), pp.345-361. Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Schiuma, G., 2012. Managing knowledge for business performance improvement.Journal of Knowledge Management,16(4), pp.515-522. Spaho, K., 2013. Organizational communication and conflict management.Management: journal of contemporary management issues,18(1), pp.103-118. Vaccaro, I.G., Jansen, J.J., Van Den Bosch, F.A. and Volberda, H.W., 2012. Management innovation and leadership: The moderating role of organizational size.Journal of Management Studies,49(1), pp.28-51. Van de Ven, A.H., Ganco, M. and Hinings, C.B., 2013. Returning to the frontier of contingency theory of organizational and institutional designs.Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.393-440. Wadongo, B. and Abdel-Kader, M., 2014. Contingency theory, performance management and organisational effectiveness in the third sector: A theoretical framework.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,63(6), pp.680-703.

In The 1971 Supreme Court Case Of Furman V. Georgia, The Constitutiona

In the 1971 Supreme court case of Furman V. Georgia, the constitutionality of the death penalty was challenged. The majority opinion held that although the way it was being applied was unconstitutional the death penalty itself was constitutional. They held it unconstitutional because since it was applied arbitrarily and with apparent racial and economic bias it was cruel and unusual. In Weems v. United states (1910) the Supreme Court held that a punishment could be considered cruel and unusual if it is excessive. In Dulles v. Trop the court held that "the basic concept underlying the 8th amendment is nothing less than the dignity of man." According to the court if a punishment denies someone human dignity than it is cruel and unusual. Combined these two cases set the precedent that both (1)breaks the past notion that the only things considered cruel and unusual are the specific things barred at the time the Constitution was penned and (2) says that what is excessive and what attacks human dignity evolves with society. Our society has evolved to the point where we will apply sanctions to other countries to try and prevent them from harming their own citizens. We no longer clamor for public bloodshed, it is something we don't want to see, our society has grown past the death-penalty. It is my feeling that capital punishment is always wrong. The Justice I am in most agreement with is Justice Brennan. His reasoning is that, it is an affront to basic human dignity and he sets up four rules to help determine this. First a punishment may not be so severe as to degrade the dignity of human beings, second it cannot be arbitrary, no conflict with contemporary moral decency and lastly it must be the least severe punishment that achieves the intended goal. We both agree capital punishment breaks all four rules and is therefore against constitutional law. I feel (as stated above) that capital punishment detracts from the dignity of not just the one human that society feels compelled to put to death, but it demeans all of society. I am pretty much a pacifist, I feel that all murder except in the self-defense of another human is wrong. Therefore I feel that people who commit murder should be punished harshly but that does not mean I feel they should be killed. When society decides to take the life of a convicted murderer it is stopping down to the level of the murderer; essentially degrading us all. It is responding to one wrong, with another wrong (two wrongs do not make a right). Killing the murderer serves no purpose, it has not been shown to deter other murders, it does not bring back the person killed, it does not protect society in ways that long-term imprisonment could not, and on top of that it costs more. The only purpose that the death-penalty serves is that of revenge or retribution. Some will make a distinction between the two, noting that retribution is a legal act performed by the government. The government has no power that is not granted to it by the people so essentially, a government act, is an act of the people; capital punishment is the government taking revenge on behalf of the people. Many proponents of capital punishment say that death is the only punishment that people convicted of murder deserve, anything less would not be harsh enough. This causes several problems. One is that many people consider death the easy way out, for example, some say suicide is for wimps. It is actually much harsher punishment on a murderer to confine him to a cell for the rest of his/her life; killing him is a very short-lived punishment. Also in other respects the death penalty may be too severe, although the person is not "punished" per se by long term sanctions on them, they are denied the basic human dignity of existing. It has been said that if someone commits murder they lose their basic human rights and therefore it is not inhumane to kill them. "We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life....". That is a direct quote from the Declaration of Independence written by our forefathers in 1776. According to them no matter what certain rights like the right to life are unalienable or

Ðhe age of sixteen comes around Essay Example

Еhe age of sixteen comes around Essay Example Еhe age of sixteen comes around Essay Еhe age of sixteen comes around Essay Initially, when the age of sixteen comes around, a person chooses to be a licensed driver. This is a responsibility for that person to drive safe. Additionally, a sixteen year old has to obey traffic laws. This is a responsibility because if a sixteen year old does not obey the rules, a negative consequence will happen. A sixteen year old also has to keep a budget for the car. They usually have to keep the car clean and in good repair. In addition, a sixteen year old also has, an important part in society, as he/she is required to pay attention to their driving, as well as those driving around them. This is considered an adult because the person is responsible for the actions that might happen. This is a reason why the sixteen year-old people want to drive. Furthermore, a person at age sixteen can choose to be in school. This is another adult like responsibilities. Since the person can choose to be in school, it has made the person think like an adult. The other issue is that a person can now be more responsible. The reason why most sixteen year olds stay in school is that they want to expand their education. Most sixteen-year-olds know that if they have a better education, they would have a better job that would have a better income. Winston Churchill had a passion to learn and that is why he became the Prime Minister of Great Britain. This is what the reward is when people do well in school. Additionally, a sixteen year-old person now also has to start think about career goals in life. Since a sixteen can have part-time jobs, this is crucial for a person that is starting to think about career jobs. A sixteen year-old person also might have to pay income taxes. A sixteen year old has also planned for the post-secondary institution is crucial to getting a high paying job. Most often, a sixteen-year-old person also does not think about relationships yet because they are too young. It also takes up valuables learning time. Albert Einstein started thinking about his career goals when he was sixteen. He went on to becoming very famous. This is a responsibility because people that work nowadays are usually adults. In summary, sixteen year-old people should be considered adults because they can drive, choose to be in school, and when they choose their career goal. Wisdom comes by means of the acknowledgment of responsibilities and not become older.

This is bussinees economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

This is bussinees economics - Essay Example It is these shared patterns that make individuals identify with a particular group and not another. Attitude also affects the individual behavior in the sense that it is representative of the individual’s state of mind. It shows an individual’s like or dislike and, therefore, prior to any undertaking the outcome of any undertaking is likely to be a product of the attitude. Values are another factor. These are the beliefs that an individual or a certain group has towards a general idea. Having values or principles determines the ethical code of conduct and by extension determines the amount of emotional investment that can be for or against an idea (Volker, 32). Finally, the authority also shapes individual behavior in the sense that depending on the way it is used. This can be attained by cohesion or even convincing a person to carry out an activity. When cohesion is applied, it will in most cases narrow down the options available to the one carrying out the order. In m ost cases when pushed to the wall, the end will always justify the means. It is of great significance to study individual behavior so as to understand one’s own behavior pattern and how it affects day to day interactions. Besides, it allows for the opportunity to make informed choices for corrective measures so as to develop appropriate behavior pattern, not just for personal effectiveness but social effectiveness as well (Volker, 36). In explaining individual behavior, two models have been considered in this case. MARS model of individual behavior, also called MARS BAR explains individual behavior due to both internal and external factors. A breakdown of the acronym is motivation, abilities, role perception and situational factors. They constitute the four major factors that affect individual behavior and outcomes. This model is applicable to many cases but is often used in management,

Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Biology - Essay Example A fine example of natural selection is provided by the finches that were observed by Darwin during his expedition to the Galapagos’ islands. He found 13 species of finches and each species exhibited variation is beak size and shape. While explaining the concept of natural selection in these finches Darwin rightly observed that all the variations already existed among the finches and that each type of variation was selected on the basis of their adaptability to a particular type of environment. Birds with beaks suited to eat cactus survived better in arid climates and reproduced to produce offspring’s with similar beaks. Birds with different beak sizes and shapes that were suited to eat nectar and hard seeds were naturally adapted to that particular environment and reproduced. Thus the process of natural selection chose organisms that were better suited to survive in a particular environment due to the inherent anatomical variations and allowed them to reproduce and cont ribute to the process of evolution (O’Neil). 2. Explain energy flow in an ecosystem. Include examples An ecosystem comprises the living and non-living components within a given environment such as a pond, grassland or forest. The flow of energy is an integral part of the ecosystem which is necessary in order to facilitate the normal functioning of the ecosystem. The energy that enters the ecosystem undergoes transformation at different stages based on the processes involved in the system. Energy enters an ecosystem from the sun as light energy which is trapped by plants which are referred to as the primary producers. The energy then flows through the various trophic levels as primary producers are consumed by herbivores which are in turn consumed by carnivores and in each level it transformed in to chemical energy through various cellular processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. Waste products are produced at each level and organisms such as the scavengers, detritivo res and decomposers feed on these waste products and microbes are the ultimate decomposers. The energy is liberated as heat energy during every process which is lost to the ecosystem and this energy cannot be recycled. The flow of energy through the food chain decreases at every stage beginning with the primary producers. The herbivores will have less energy available compared to the primary producers and so on. This gives rise to the energy pyramid (The concept of the Ecosystem). 3. How can different species arise in a population Speciation or the process by which new species arise from a single species is a natural phenomenon that occurs during the process of evolution. The new species arise from an already existing species when a population of the species undergoes geographical isolation. As a result of this separation changes occur in allele frequency due to reduced gene flow between the two populations. Speciation of the formation of a new species will occur if these changes re sult in physical or behavioral changes that prevent the interbreeding between the parent and newly formed population. Thus for the formation of a new species both geographical and reproductive isolation should occur which result in changes in gene flow and prevent the interbreeding between two closely related populations. As the new species evolves the physical and behavioral changes will enable it to differentiate itself from the parent population and develop a sense of incompatibility for co-existence as well as

Teen Pregnancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teen Pregnancy - Essay Example The ages of these girls ranged from 15 years to 19 years. These statistics declined and in the year 2005, the conceptions dropped to 40.5 in every 1000 teenage girls. It was further highlighted that in this era between 1991 and 2005, 750,000 teenagers conceived in the United States. It has been proved that the problem has a higher rate in the United States in comparison to other nations like England, Wales and Canada. There has been a decrease in the rates of teen pregnancy but still the issue is known to be present in the society. This has led to the analysis of the causes of teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy is a serious issue of concern and the major contributing reasons for teen pregnancy include low socioeconomic status, lack of education and societal forces (Donaldson et al 2003; Miller 2006; Thomas 2009). The socioeconomic factor is a major causative factor of teen pregnancy. A low socio-economic status means that the parents have lower educational qualifications which do not war rant for a good job. This means that the heads of the families have to work for longer periods of time and stay away from home. Furthermore, despite of this increased working, the overall income of the house is not very high. These families survive in poor conditions. The long working hours of the parents result in a lack of regulation and command over the activities of the children as the parents tend to stay out of the house most of the time. This allows for opportunities for the teens to engage in sexual behavior without the approval of their parents. The parents who possess low educational qualifications may be less learned and they would not be able to explain their children about safe sex strategies owing to their own lack of knowledge. This would result in decreased sexual knowledge amongst the teenagers which would lead to higher cases of teen pregnancy. A low socioeconomic status also serves to result in living conditions beyond satisfactory and these tend to disturb the te enagers. These disturbances provoke them to opt for sexual pleasures and therefore teen pregnancy results. Thus it can be seen that a low socioeconomic status is a cause of teen pregnancy as it results in a lack of supervision over the teenagers accompanied with decreased parental guidance and poor living conditions which tend to result in teen pregnancy (Donaldson et al 2003; Thomas 2009). Teen pregnancy has also been associated with many societal forces that tend to promote sexual behaviors amongst the teenage groups. Cultural variations serve to provide as a major community factor that leads to teen pregnancies. Teenage pregnancies are considered to be normal in a few cultures and this trend continues from the parents to their children. Statistics have revealed that the teen conception rate is very high amongst the Mexican Americans and the blacks. This rate is considerably lower for the whites and the Asians. It has been seen that Mexicans and blacks have disturbed family lives which may be a leading cause for higher teen pregnancies in their communities. It has also been analyzed that the Mexican culture instills values of obedience and compliance amongst girls. The Mexican tradition also upholds the characteristics of â€Å"machismo† and â€Å"virility† amongst boys. This results in the indulgence of these teenagers

Social Integration in UAE Essay

Social Integration in UAE Essay Section: 1 Social Integration Essay The process of social integration of a complex consisting of several dimensions involving the participation in work and production, and real consumption, is looking forward to the many, and to participate in caring for the public and social practice, and much of the social interactions.  On this basis, the individual is socially integrated if he takes part in the core activities of the society in which they live. The core activities are intended to be able to purchase goods and services, to participate in activities of economic and social value, to participate in decision-making process at the local level or national origin, and integration with family, friends and communities.  Social integration concept created by each society and every group for the purposes of individuals and groups from the situation of disagreement and conflict to the situation of living together. It also reflects the social integration of the form of access to political and legal systems necessary to make these rights a reality. There is a deep awareness in the UAE that the only guarantee of sustained development is continuous investment in education, health and social services, with the provision of meaningful employment for all.[1] (Social development, 2009), but as everybody knows that money doesnt last forever and they should think of looking for something else that they can use from their children or their boys and girls that they spent a huge amount on giving them the best life they ever thought of it or dreamt of in order to pay them some of what they have done to them. The UAE population increased by a staggering 74.8 per cent between 1995 and 2005, the date of the last census. This is one of the highest population growth rates in the world. Estimated by the Ministry of the Economy (MoE) at 4.488 million in 2007, the population is expected to increase by 6.12 per cent to reach 4.76 million at the end of 2008 and by 6.31 per cent to 5.06 million at the end of 2009. [2](Population, 2009), with that increase people will have communities of their own whether they were expats or locals that will discriminate their own people, so the UAE should unit them and dont discriminate them in order to raise their way of life. It is generally accepted that there is a need for additional policies to guarantee a more significant representation of UAE nationals in the labor force.[3] (Labor, 2009) these guarantees will protect the UAE nationals in the labor force because of the increase of the expatriates labor force and to protect UAE nationals because they have a right to be prior than the other nationalities. There always should be awareness about driving in the country because for the last decades there are so many casualties whether they were men, women or even kids and if it is remained without waking the people up then even statistics wont be able to calculate them 2009) these guarantees will protect the UAE nationals in the labor force because of the increase of the expatriates labor force and to protect UAE nationals because they have a right to be prior than the other nationalities. There always should be awareness about driving in the country because for the last decades there are so many casualties whether they were men, women or even kids and if it is remained without waking the people up then even statistics wont be able to calculate them. Reference Page [1] http://www.uaeinteract.com/uaeint_misc/pdf_2009/page205 [2] http://www.uaeinteract.com/uaeint_misc/pdf_2009/page206 [3] http://www.uaeinteract.com/uaeint_misc/pdf_2009/page212

Henry James The Turn of the Screw Essay -- Henry James Turn Screw Ess

Henry James' The Turn of the Screw Peter G. Beidler informs us that there have been â€Å"hundreds† of analyses of Henry James’ spine-tingling novella, The Turn of the Screw (189). Norman Macleod suggests that James himself seems to be â€Å"an author intent on establishing a text that cannot be interpreted in a definite way† (Qtd in Beidler 198). Yet, the vast majority of analyses of The Turn of the Screw seem to revolve around two sub-themes: the reality of the ghosts and the death of Miles both of which are used to answer the question of the governess’s mental stability: is she a hero or a deranged lunatic? As Beidler points out, â€Å"It is an amazingly fine creepy, scary, soul-shuddering ghost story or, alternatively, it is an amazingly fine psychological case study of a neurotic young woman† (189). These two views of the governess seem to dominate the analytical world in terms of readings, typically being one view or the other and seldom being anything else. Unfortunately, most of the myriad readings focus only on the visible events as related by the governess. However, there is much that we are not told but that is pertinent to an accurate reading. Bruce Fleming argues that what we are not told in The Turn of the Screw is as important as what we are told (135). Wolfgang Iser suggests that there are â€Å"gaps† or holes within the sequence of the text. He further suggests that it is the reader’s responsibility to fill-in those gaps (Qtd in Beidler 226). The facts â€Å"not in evidence† are equal in importance to the information laid out before us. What happens â€Å"off-screen† or â€Å"off-stage† is just as important as what happens in front of the audience. Much of what we do not see and are not told impacts what we do see and are told so g... ...Couldn't Say.† Studies in Short Fiction 26.2 (1989): 135-143. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. BYUI Lib. 25 Oct 2005. http://search.epnet.com/. Groome, David, and Nina Grant. "Retrieval-induced forgetting is inversely related to everyday cognitive failures." British Journal of Psychology 96.2 (2005): 313-319. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. BYUI Lib. 26 Oct 2005. http://search.epnet.com/. James, Henry. The Turn of the Screw. Peter G. Beidler. Boston: Bedford, 2004. Matheson, Terence J. "Did the Governess Smother Miles? A Note on James's The Turn of the Screw." Studies in Short Fiction 19.2 (1982): 172-175. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. BYUI Lib. 25 Oct 2005. http://search.epnet.com/. Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis. Educational Psychology: Developing Learners. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson, 2004.

Eve Teasing

Eve Teasing: Law of the Land Now a day we often see the scenarios of eve teasing on the daily. It is being spread out from country side to country side day by day and it is being introduced to the new generation as regards eve teasing on and on. We see a statistics compiled by Bangladesh Women Council of last 10 months 3908 women have been oppressed and harassed in various ways. Of which, suicide case was 300. In addition, most all of these suicide events are involved with eve teasing. At present, school, college, university going girls are often being hunted of eve teasing on the street.It is to say, hunting of eve teasing of a girl is so general visible, just in its opposition the visible of penalty of eve teaser is rare. Learner or not learner such woman as well take mentally preparation before going out from their room for this that she would be teased on the path with slung languages or bad attitudes by vagabonds. ‘Eve teasing’ on the street is one such reflection o f the inner beast in men, women are subjected to this social evil irrespective what background they are from. The lexically meaning of teasing is to make fun of a person playfully or annoyingly.It is a euphemism used in the sub continent for sexual harassment or modesty of women by men, with eve being a reference to the biblical Eve. Namely, staying hither and thither or turning point of college going path, to make tease known or unknown girl, or make tone, comment or display abetment or throw slang language or attempt to capture photography by mobile phone etc is called eve teasing, which includes a small sexual harassment or rape. If there is no parent or guardian with any woman who will be hunted of eve teasing, we can say that definitely. Now think a bit, we can give hundred percent surety concerning eve teasing.But can we give one percent as to any positive deed? All suicides caused by eve teasing do not come to light on the news paper. In addition to last some years, Trisha, R umi, shimi, Sadia, Toshi such many unknown mothers-sisters have departed from this beau world. Question is here-why did they give their lives? Did they have no right to protest, move freely and live fairly? Definitely, they had said rights as per Article-11, 32 and 36 of Bangladesh Constitution which denote as fundamental rights to live in the society free and fairly. Think a bit, they are very our mothers-sister who are being hunted of eve teasing.Still today our mothers-sisters are being harassed throughout road, school, college, university even office-court and they are forbearing silently. But Allah says in the Holy Quran- Man is the protector of the Woman. The question is that, why do they keep silent. The answer is that, they have no might and no body to stand beside them. Nevertheless some so-called reformists talk concerning women’s rights. Here there is apprehension that they who talk regarding woman’s rights, infringe at first from their family. In the name o f woman’s rights or modern era they would like to bring out the on road and set up the western culture in this country.Someone claim that Islam dishonors woman and treat her as inferior and they have no equal position in society like man. Actually we are accustomed to make comment with such objection about woman’s position in Islam. Still Islam restrains and Islam gives her proper position in society and honors him having high respect as mother. Allah says â€Å" And their Lord has accepted (their prayer) and answered them(saying); â€Å"Never will I cause to be lost the work of any of you, be he male or female; you are members, one of another.. (3:105)†. Eve Teasing Eve Teasing: Law of the Land Now a day we often see the scenarios of eve teasing on the daily. It is being spread out from country side to country side day by day and it is being introduced to the new generation as regards eve teasing on and on. We see a statistics compiled by Bangladesh Women Council of last 10 months 3908 women have been oppressed and harassed in various ways. Of which, suicide case was 300. In addition, most all of these suicide events are involved with eve teasing. At present, school, college, university going girls are often being hunted of eve teasing on the street.It is to say, hunting of eve teasing of a girl is so general visible, just in its opposition the visible of penalty of eve teaser is rare. Learner or not learner such woman as well take mentally preparation before going out from their room for this that she would be teased on the path with slung languages or bad attitudes by vagabonds. ‘Eve teasing’ on the street is one such reflection o f the inner beast in men, women are subjected to this social evil irrespective what background they are from. The lexically meaning of teasing is to make fun of a person playfully or annoyingly.It is a euphemism used in the sub continent for sexual harassment or modesty of women by men, with eve being a reference to the biblical Eve. Namely, staying hither and thither or turning point of college going path, to make tease known or unknown girl, or make tone, comment or display abetment or throw slang language or attempt to capture photography by mobile phone etc is called eve teasing, which includes a small sexual harassment or rape. If there is no parent or guardian with any woman who will be hunted of eve teasing, we can say that definitely. Now think a bit, we can give hundred percent surety concerning eve teasing.But can we give one percent as to any positive deed? All suicides caused by eve teasing do not come to light on the news paper. In addition to last some years, Trisha, R umi, shimi, Sadia, Toshi such many unknown mothers-sisters have departed from this beau world. Question is here-why did they give their lives? Did they have no right to protest, move freely and live fairly? Definitely, they had said rights as per Article-11, 32 and 36 of Bangladesh Constitution which denote as fundamental rights to live in the society free and fairly. Think a bit, they are very our mothers-sister who are being hunted of eve teasing.Still today our mothers-sisters are being harassed throughout road, school, college, university even office-court and they are forbearing silently. But Allah says in the Holy Quran- Man is the protector of the Woman. The question is that, why do they keep silent. The answer is that, they have no might and no body to stand beside them. Nevertheless some so-called reformists talk concerning women’s rights. Here there is apprehension that they who talk regarding woman’s rights, infringe at first from their family. In the name o f woman’s rights or modern era they would like to bring out the on road and set up the western culture in this country.Someone claim that Islam dishonors woman and treat her as inferior and they have no equal position in society like man. Actually we are accustomed to make comment with such objection about woman’s position in Islam. Still Islam restrains and Islam gives her proper position in society and honors him having high respect as mother. Allah says â€Å" And their Lord has accepted (their prayer) and answered them(saying); â€Å"Never will I cause to be lost the work of any of you, be he male or female; you are members, one of another.. (3:105)†.

The Keays Versus Honda Case Essay Example

The Keays Versus Honda Case Essay Example The Keays Versus Honda Case Essay The Keays Versus Honda Case Essay Fact Summary: Kevin Keays had been employed with Honda Canada for 14 years when he was fired. During his employment, Keays was diagnosed with choric fatigue syndrome and was granted disability leave for about two years. After the two years Keays returned to work, however Honda became concerned when Keays was continuously absent. Honda requested Keays visit with the organizations occupational medicine specialist to further diagnose his condition. Keays refused to abide with Hondas request and sought legal guidance at which point Honda terminated his employment. The Keays versus Honda case was presented in court three times. The first of which ended in Keays favor with the trial judge ordering Honda to pay Keays damages based on a 15 month period plus an additional 9 months the termination itself. Honda was also ordered to pay Keays an additional $500,000 in punitive damages as the basis that Honda’s action where discriminatory. Consequently, Honda appealed this original decision at which point the Ontario Court of Appeal got involved. The Court of Appeal believed the 24 month â€Å"severance package† to be appropriate, however they disagreed with the original $500,000 punitive damages. The argument was that Keays legal representation failed to prove that Honda had conspired against Keays reducing the punitive damages to $100,000. Again Honda appealed the decision which bumped the case right to the Supreme Court of Canada. After analyzing the case the Supreme Court felt that no punitive damages should be awarded arguing that Honda’s action where in no way in â€Å"bad faith†. In conclusion, Keays received the 24 month grace pay that was originally awarded to him.

Italian Surname Meanings and Origins

Italian Surname Meanings and Origins Surnames in Italy trace their origin back to the 1400s, when it became necessary to add a second name to distinguish between individuals with the same given name. Italian surnames are often easy to recognize because most end in a vowel, and many of them have been derived from descriptive nicknames. If you think your family name may have come from Italy, then tracing its history may yield important clues to your Italian heritage and ancestral village. Origins of Italian Last Names Italian surnames developed from four major sources: Patronymic Surnames - These last names are based on a parent’s name (e.g. Pietro Di Alberto - Peter son of Albert)Occupational Surnames - These surnames are based on the person’s job or trade (e.g. Giovanni Contadino - John the farmer)Descriptive Surnames - Based on a unique quality of the individual, these surnames often developed from nicknames or pet names (e.g. Francesco Basso - Francis the short)Geographical Surnames - These surnames are based on a person’s residence, usually a former residence (e.g. Maria Romano - Mary from Rome) While Italian last names come from a variety of sources, sometimes the spelling of a particular surname can help focus the search on a specific region of Italy. The common Italian surnames Risso and Russo, for example, both have the same meaning, but one is more prevalent in northern Italy, while the other generally traces its roots to the southern part of the country. Italian surnames ending in -o often come from southern Italy, whereas in northern Italy they can often be found ending with a -i. Tracking down the sources and variations of your Italian surname can be an important part of Italian genealogical research, and unveils an interesting look into your family history and Italian heritage. Italian Surname Suffixes and Prefixes Many Italian surnames are basically variations on a root name, made different by the addition of various prefixes and suffixes. Especially common are endings with vowels enclosing double consonants (e.g. -etti, -illo). The Italian preference for diminutives and pet names is the root behind many of the suffixes, as seen by the large number of Italian last names ending in -ini, -ino, -etti, -etto, -ello, and -illo, all of which mean little. Other commonly added suffixes include -one meaning big, -accio, meaning either big or bad, and -ucci meaning descendant of. Common prefixes of Italian surnames also have specific origins. The prefix di (meaning of or from) is often attached to an given name to form a patronym. di Benedetto, for example, is the Italian equivalent of Benson (meaning son of Ben) and di Giovanni is the Italian equivalent of Johnson (son of John). The prefix di, along with the similar prefix da may also be associated with a place of origin (e.g. the da Vinci surname referred to someone who originated from Vinci). The prefixes la and lo (meaning the) often derived from nicknames (e.g. Giovanni la Fabro was John the smith), but also might be found attached to family names where it meant of the family of (e.g. the Greco family might become known as lo Greco.) Alias Surnames In some areas of Italy, a second surname may have been adopted in order to distinguish between different branches of the same family, especially when the families remained in the same town for generations. These alias surnames can often be found preceded by the word detto, vulgo, or dit. Common Italian Surnames - Meanings and Origins RossiRussoFerrariEspositoBianchiRomanoColomboRicciMarinoGrecoBrunoGalloContiDe LucaCostaGiordanoManciniRizzoLombardiMoretti

A Comparison of the Religions of India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Comparison of the Religions of India - Essay Example e in these countries mainly practice the four eastern religions; Buddhism, Sikhism, Hinduism and Jainism all tracing their roots in India (Sudheer, 2014). To understand how the religions have influenced the cultures of these countries it is necessary to look at their characteristics, similarities and their differences. Buddhism is believed to have originated from North India in the fifth century. Their main texts are the three pitakas. The Buddhists believe in a supreme being referred to as the Buddha. They also believe that the suffering experienced by the people is always as a result of the desire held by the people. Hinduism on the other hand is believed to have originated from the Indus valley. Their main texts are collectively referred to as the Veda. Hindus believe in many gods and goddesses. Hinduism is therefore a polytheistic religion. The Hindus believe in re-birth after death which is facilitated by one dying in a holy place. All Hindis are also expected to strictly follow and observe the caste system and to go for cleansing annually (Sudheer, 2014). Sikhism started in the sixteenth century in India. This religion is believed to have originated from Guru Nanak. The main text that is used by the Sikhs is the Guru Granth Sahib. As opposed to the Hindus, Sikhs always believe in a supreme God who is believed to be an immortal creator. The believers and the followers of the Sikhism religion believe that the good life always achieves unity with God. Sikhs Like the Hindus believe in reincarnation which is also the re-birth after death. Jainism which is another main religion in India is seen as a group of Hindis that broke away from Hinduism in the sixteenth century. The Jains view the earth as a place full of misery. This is the sole reason as to why most Jains are either nuns or monks as a way of seeking their personal liberation (Sudheer, 2014). The four religions share many common similarities and the characteristics. One of the similar characteristic is

NO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

NO - Essay Example In as much as organizations such as Coca Cola have productively gone through the global expansion process, the efforts of several other entities have been unsuccessful. Consequently, market seekers should ascertain that they introduce strong and competitive brands into the foreign market and similarly make sure that they establish good customer relations for the investments to be rewarding (Hill, 2014). Cost minimizers take part in worldwide expansion by establishing low cost production sites in a foreign country in order to make sure that they remain cost competitive both locally and internationally. For such ventures to be successful, the entities should ensure that they put reasonable and affordable price tags on their products, as such an approach will directly benefit the customers, hence ensure that they widen their clientele. Since its establishment in 1911, IBM has unquestionably developed into one of the most reliable technological firms globally. Technology experts argue that the organization has remained relevant because of its competitive advantages that include continuous innovation, routinely introducing solid technology into the market and at the same time embracing the outside and inside practice where it listens to the input of both its employees and customers. Such advantages have fairly supplemented IBM’s efforts in global expansion. By listening to the input of its customers, the organization has for example established operations in smaller markets like Vietnam, Philippines and Czech Republic while at the same time taking advantage of growing economies like China as recommended by its market analysts. Cost-benefit analysis is different from capital budgeting analysis on the basis of their objectives, as the former focuses on both the benefits and costs of carrying out a given project over a specific period, while the latter examines the productivity of a foreign investment by incorporating the economic, political, social,

English Exit Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English Exit Letter - Essay Example My interest in writing suddenly came back and I realized it isn’t such a laborious task at all. One only has to put his thoughts into words until these words produce sentences and sentences form paragraphs. This I can accomplish quite easily when I’m in the mood. But when I’m not, I could just stare at the emptiness of my computer screen, wishing the hyperactive cursor to do the job for me. Writer’s block, they called it. Every writer, I believe, will have to deal with it time and time again. Putting thoughts into words is a piece of cake. To keep it structured though is another story – a skill a have yet to master. Happily, this problem seems to persist only in my informal essays. Formal is much more precise, topic clearly defined, making it easier for me to discern which information needs to be included and which one should be eliminated. With informal essays, it’s as if I’m just talking to someone about something so passionately that I tend to ignore unity and coherence within my paragraphs. I was told that, when used properly, this free flowing method in writing could actually become an asset, so it isn’t such a bad thing after all. I could hardly tell if my old writing process was in fact a process. For all I know, I simply wrote. I was adamant to follow my own style, which I liked to call a process, despite being aware that it’s not always recommended. Though this may not be such a dramatic change, this course taught me the formal discipline in writing which I consider to be a significant improvement. Planning, I learned, is indeed a very crucial stage in writing in order to come up with an effective output. This enabled me to explore other genres such as informative and compare and contrast

Individual Constitution and Systems of the State Essay Example for Free

Individual Constitution and Systems of the State Essay During the time when the state’s first declared their independence from Great Britain there was an enormous demand for a balance in power. However, the establishment of such posed to be no easy task for our founding fathers. Originally the new state’s constitutions foundation was based off the thirteen colonial charters (Bowman Kearney, 2011, p56). Which was modified a short while later, as the colonies were expanded, to include the â€Å"rights of Englishmen† (Bowman Kearney 2011, p. 56). According to Bowman Kearney (2011), â€Å"All state constitutions both distribute and constrain political power among groups and regions† (p. 55). In that such provide the basic and key components for government to allow for an even distribution of power for the three branches, while offering protection for individual rights. â€Å"Constitutions represent the fundamental law of a state, superior to statutory law. Only the federal Constitution and federal statutes take priority over state constitutions† (Bowman Kearney, 2011, p. 55). Over the course of many years the state’s constitutions have been slowly amended to meet the needs of a growing governmental body. The current Texas constitution was created in 1876 and is composed of a preamble followed by 17 articles, â€Å"to include Bill of Rights, Legislative Department, Executive Department, and Judicial Department† (The University of Texas School of Law: Tarlton Law Library: Jamail Center for Legal Research, 2013). Article I of the Texas constitution is the Bill of Rights. It is in this article that individual rights are outlined for citizens in which the government cannot overlook under any given circumstance. Upon reading the Texas Constitution, the impression is given that religious freedom and for no man to be unjustly persecuted by the hand of the government pose to be the most important feature detailed in the Bill of Rights. Just like the United States Constitution there are limitations to the freedoms being granted in this portion of the Texas document (The University of Texas School of Law: Tarlton Law Library: Jamail Center for Legal Research, 2013). In replica of the United Stated Constitution, state level constitutions are sculpted after the federal government in which it delegates power throughout three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial (Bowman Kearney, 2011, p.27). Article III of the Texas Constitution writes the legislative department; section 1 states that, â€Å"The legislative power of this State  shall be vested in a Senate and House of Representatives, which together shall be styled The Legislature of the State of Texas (The University of Texas School of Law: Tarlton Law Library: Jamail Center for Legal Research, 2013). Sections 2 through 7 details the composition of the legislative department to include the House of Representatives and the Senate and also stat es the qualifications for such positions. The Senate entails thirty-one members and is prohibited to exceed such limit. The House of Representatives is comprised â€Å"of 93 members until the first apportionment† (The University of Texas School of Law: Tarlton Law Library: Jamail Center for Legal Research, 2013) then it may increase by ratio not to exceed 1 representative per 15,000 inhabitants. However the numbers are to never surpass 150 members. The remainder sections write the limitations of the legislature power, details processes, and conditions the expectations in regards to the conduct of each official (The University of Texas School of Law: Tarlton Law Library: Jamail Center for Legal Research, 2013). In the State of Texas, the Legislative Branch is granted the most powers in writing. One can find supporting evidence to the fact after a complete examination is done of this document. A conclusion can be drawn that as a result of all powers given, this branch is able to have a limited amount of regulation over the other two branches of government. Also, it is here that bills of law are p assed to ensure the necessary provisions stated in other articles are upheld. The power of the executive branch is amalgamated from the office of the governor (Bowman Kearney, 2011, p. 68). Historically, the executive branch held increasingly more power and stature resulting from constitutional amendments allowing for governors to be elected by popular vote. (Bowman Kearney, 2011, p. 59). Such unbalance in power eventually led to the people giving governors higher authority to veto legislative bills and granted longer terms. This trend continued through the early 1800s, 1830s and 1840s however, somewhat ended during the Jacksonian Era due to â€Å"the Jacksonian principle of popular elections to fill most government offices resulted in a fragmented state executive branch.† (Bowman Kearney, 2011, p. 59). Within the Texas Constitution the executive branch powers can be found in Article IV, â€Å"The Executive Department† (The University of Texas School of Law: Tarlton Law Library: Jamail Center for Legal Research, 2013). The Executive Department must contain â€Å"a governor, lieutenant-governor, secretary of  State, comptroller of public accounts, trea surer, commissioner of the land of office and attorney general† (Ericson Wallace, 2010). Throughout the remainder of the article, elaboration of the rights and responsibilities of each member is outlined (The University of Texas School of Law: Tarlton Law Library: Jamail Center for Legal Research, 2013). The Judicial Branch power is bestowed in a supreme court, courts of appeal, district courts, and various other courts as authorized by the state’s constitution. Usually the state’s judicial branch is headed by the state Supreme Court who tries cases from courts of lower levels (Bowman Kearney, 2011, p.68). Article V from the Texas Constitution includes the powers of the Judicial Department to be vested in â€Å"one Supreme Court, in a Court of Appeals, in District Courts, in County Courts, in Commissioners Courts, in Courts of Justices of the Peace, and in such other courts and may be established by law† (The University of Texas School of Law: Tarlton Law Library: Jamail Center for Legal Research, 2013). The head of the Supreme Court is governed by a chief justice and two associate justices. With further reading, the rules and regulations for the court justices and order of operations can be found written in the sections of this article (The University of Texas School of Law: Tarlton Law Library: Jamail Center for Legal Research, 2013). In conclusion, many amendments have been made to reflect the needs of a growing population all through history. Conferring with Bowman Kearney (2011), â€Å"constitutional revision must be an ongoing process if the states are to cope with the changing contours of American society and stay in the vanguard of innovation and change† (p.70). In addition, meeting the need of such a vastly growing entity can be a difficult mission. Original limitations set forth by previous documents have been altered to reflect an even distribution of power and added protections for individuals. Due to the Texas constitution’s length of 63,000 plus words it is seen as one of the most verbose document of other states. According to Joe E. Ericson and Ernest Wallace, â€Å"Its wealth of detail causes it to resemble a code of laws rather than a constitution. Its many requirements and limitations on both state and local governments make it one of the most restrictive among state constitutions† (Ericson Wallace, 2010). References Bowman, A. O., Kearney, R. (2001). Sate and Local Government (8th edition). Boston, MA: Cengage Ericson, J. E., Wallace, E. (2010, June 12). Constitution of 1876. Retrieved April 12, 2014, from Handbook of Texas Online: https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/mhc07 The University of Texas School of Law: Tarlton Law Library: Jamail Center for Legal Research. (2013). Texas Constitutions 1824-1876. Retrieved April 12, 2014, from Rare Books and Special Collections: http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/constitutions/texas1876/a1 The University of Texas School of Law: Tarlton Law Library: Jamail Center for Legal Research. (2013). Texas Constitutions 1824-1876. Retrieved April 12, 2014, from Rare Books and Special Collections: http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/constitutions/texas1876/a5 The University of Texas School of Law: Tarlton Law Library: Jamail Center for Legal Research. (2013). Texas Constitutions 1824-1876. Retrieved April 12, 2014, from Rare Books and Special Collections: http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/constitutions/texas1876/a4 The University of Texas School of Law: Tarlton Law Library: Jamail Center for Legal Research. (2013). Texas Constitutions 1824-1876. Retrieved April 12, 2014, from Rare Books and Special Collections: http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/constitutions/texas1876/a3

Jarroc as a Betrayer Essay example -- Star Trek Defecting Essays Paper

Jarroc as a Betrayer Defection is a word which Americans have been taught to fear, from the days of Joseph McCarthy to Moscow on the Hudson. In our collective consciousness, we viewed defectors as both fascinating and repellent. Defectors from outside the convivial allied sphere of North America and Western Europe--persons from those Communist places, especially--served a useful purpose because of what inside knowledge they held, and at the same time frightened us because they carried the taint of the traitor, and the strange, cold foreignness of the "other side". The "other side," if not monitored closely, was coming to bomb us all, and break the world as we knew it. Defectors from the United States, on the other hand, had no redeeming qualities. They were those who had sold their own souls, traitors agreeing to spill the closely guarded secrets which would keep us safe from the Enemy to the enemies themselves! By the nature of the act, defection was inexorably intertwined with national betrayal. (I use the terms "betrayer" and "traitor" interchangeably, since they are synonymous in meaning. A traitor is one who has betrayed.) American defectors were the worst possible kinds of criminals, and worthy recipients of the death penalty. Yet then, as now and in all times, there are a myriad of contexts in which any given situation can be considered and defection, like most things, is a crime to some and an honorable act of conscience to others.Who is the ultimate judge of such actions? What determines which context the acts truly fall in? During the Cold War, when a Soviet defected, it was viewed very differently by officials in his own country than it was here. In the U.S.S.R, he... ... it for nothing," he whispers bitterly. "My home, my family....all for nothing." (12/30/89) Jarroc commits suicide rather than live with the pain of this stigma. Is Jarroc then a hero, or a defector-betrayer? He must necessarily be both. There is no sidestepping the role in which Romulan history will pigeonhole him, and no denying the reasons they have to do so. Yet among those persons in the Federation who knew his true reasons for divulging the information, he was a man of great courage. As Jarroc himself noted, '"One world's butcher is another world's hero." The same thing could also be said of the defector. Works Cited Smith, Greg. Interchange on The Defector. Interchange. 30 January 1996. Roget's II: The New Thesaurus. Houghton Mifflin, Boston: 1988.. "The Defector." Star Trek: The Next Generation. Season 3, Episode 58.

The Difference in Leadership Essay -- Papers Leading Skills Essays Pap

The Difference in Leadership Introduction ============ Leadership is an influence process. It might be thought of as the ability to motivate others into following and understanding the role they play in an organisation, as well as what the overall strategy of the business is, with the interest of achieving organisational goals. If this is done correctly then high levels of motivation, empowerment, commitment and performance should result. It is equally important for a leader to be trustworthy, Viscount Slim describes leadership as being : â€Å"The quality which makes people trust you†. It is important in every leadership role that the leader be as effective as possible in order to work those people he is responsible for to their full potential. Certainly the leadership skill will play an important part in determining the effectiveness of the leader. Good communication skills are another important quality for a leader to have. This means that it is important to be both good at effective speaking as well as listening in order to aim the behaviours and actions of individuals in the required direction. Leadership is the process by which a person exerts influence over other people and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities to help achieve group or organizational goals.[i] It has been an old and common view that leaders are born, and not made. This is known as the Qualities Approach. Those which share this view believe that some core qualities of leaders are inborn, ie intuition, will-power and intelligence. This dismisses the idea that leaders can be manufactured, and places the emphasis on the natural ch... ...ent.IE5/M8UV2CDB/266,11,Slide 11 [x] Jones, George, Hill Contemporary Management p 411. [xi] M.G.Evans, â€Å"The Effects of Supervisory Behaviour on the Path-Goal Relationship†, Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance 5 (1970): 277-98;R.J.House,†A Path-Goal Theory of Leader Effectiveness,† Administrative Science Quarterly 16 (1971):321-38;J.C.Wofford and L.Z.Liska,†Path-Goal Theories of Leadership: A Meta-Analysis,† Journal of Management 19 (1993): 857-76. [xii] B.M.Bass, Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations (New York: Free Press, 1985); Bass, Bass and Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership; Yukl and Van Fleet, â€Å"Theory and Research on Leadership.† [xiii] A.H.Eagly,S.J.Karau, and M.G.Makhijani, â€Å"Gender and the Effectiveness of Leaders: A Meta-Analysis,† Psychological Bulletin 117 (1995):125-45.

How Does Jones Show What the Effects of What Are on the Children of Bougainville in the Novel as a Whole

How does Jones show what the effects of what are on the children of Bougainville in the novel as a whole The children of Bougainville are severely affected by the war; most of these ways are negative. There are two main different types of affection, the first is physical e. g. deaths and possessions being burnt, the next psychological e. g. all hope being destroyed and the ignorance of some of the children. The first effect is all the deaths. The Red skins prevented all the medicines getting to lots of the babies so they died of malaria. came down with malaria† â€Å"There was nothing to be done† This shows that the children are being affected by the deaths of the babies because it kills the younger children, but it also has an effect on the older children because they have to go through the trauma of seeing these babies dead and also witnessing the parents break down due to these deaths. The Redskins also traumatise these children just by arriving â€Å"we were left wi th our fear† This shows the lasting effect the Red skins have on the children.This also portrays their innocence because it shows that these things really have a damaging effect on them when it may not do on older people. This innocence is also portrayed through â€Å"conflict a few of us kids really understood† This shows that the children are getting caught up in something they are completely innocent to. This war confuses the children which also can cause the loss of lives due to the naivety.This is shown with the character of Daniel while he was told to go up into the jungle â€Å"He went without complaint, swinging his arms at his side† First this shows that he did not quite understand what was going on, that these people were bad people to deal with. The fact that he went â€Å"without complaint† indicates that for â€Å"beaten his classmates to the answer† he thought he may be getting rewarded not quite punished in the way he did. The innocen ce of the character is also shown through the fact that he was unaware. The â€Å"swinging his arms at his side† insinuates the vulnerability if Daniel.It shows that he has not been told fully about this war and his simply mind is protected from such impurities. This innocence and vulnerability which are generally normal traits for children result in him losing his life. This also leaves the other children without a friend or family member, so this war also has an indirect effect on them causing them to lose people who are close to them Daniel is a key character in reflecting this. The effects of War on children in Bougainville are catastrophic, these children are hidden from it so when they are confronted by this conflict they do not know what to do and are generally damaged from it. s